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Atmospheric Characterization and the Spectroscopic Detection of Carbon Dioxide on WASP-39b
The spectroscopic characterization of extrasolar planetary atmospheres entered a transformative phase with the operational deployment of the James Webb Space Telescope. In July 2022, an international team of astronomers directed the observatory toward WASP-39b, a bloated gas giant orbiting a sun-like star roughly 700 light-years away in the constellation Virgo. Although earlier space telescopes had registered tentative signatures of water vapor in the upper layers of this planet, the limited sensitivity of previous instruments prevented the definitive identification of carbon-bearing molecules. The unprecedented infrared sensitivity and spectral resolution of the new space-based observatory offered an opportunity to evaluate the chemical composition of distant worlds with exceptional precision.
The methodology rested on the implementation of transmission spectroscopy during a planetary transit. As WASP-39b passed directly between its host