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TENTH LECTURE THE DREAM Symbolism in the Dream WE have discovered that the distortion of dreams , a disturbing element in our work of understanding them , is the result of a censorious activity which is directed against the unacceptable of the unconscious wish - impulses . But , of course , we have not maintained that censorship is the only factor which is to blame for the dream distortion , and we may actually make the discovery in a further study of the dream that other items play a part in this result . That is , even if the dream censorship were eliminated we might not be in a position to understand the dreams ; the actual dream still might not be identical with the latent dream thought . This other item which makes the dream unintelligible , this new addition to dream distortion , we discover by considering a gap in our technique . I have already admitted that for certain elements of the dream , no associations really occur to the person being analyzed . This does not happen so often as the dreamers maintain ; in many cases the association can be forced by persistence . But still there are certain instances in which no association is forthcoming , or if forced does not furnish what we expected . When this happens in the course of a psychoanalytic treatment , then a particular meaning may be attached thereto , with which we have nothing to do here . It also occurs , however , in the interpretation of the dreams of a normal person or in interpreting one's own dreams . Once a person is convinced that in these cases no amount of forcing of associations will avail , he will finally make the discovery that the unwished - for contingency occurs regularly in certain dream elements , and he will begin to recognize a new order of things there , where at first he believed he had come across a peculiar exception to our technique . In this way we are tempted to interpret these silent dream elements ourselves , to undertake their translation by the means at hand . The fact that every time we trust to this substitution we obtain a satisfactory meaning is forced upon us ; until we resolve upon this decision the dream remains meaningless , its continuity is broken . The accumulation of many similar cases tends to give the necessary certainty to our first timid attempts . I am expounding all this in rather a schematic manner , but this is permissible for purposes of instruction , and I am not trying to misstate , but only to simplify matters . In this manner we derive constant translations for a whole series of dream elements just as constant translations are found in our popular dream books for all the things we dream . But do not forget that in our association technique we never discover constant substitutes for the dream elements . You will say at once that this road to interpretation appears far more uncertain and open to objection than the former methods of free association . But a further fact is to be taken into consideration . After one has gathered a sufficient number of such constant substitutes empirically , he will say that of his own knowledge he should actually have denied that these items of dream interpretation could really be understood without the associations of the dreamer . The facts that force us to recognize their meaning will appear in the second half of our analysis .
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