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NINETEENTH LECTURE GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES Resistance and Suppression IN order to progress in our understanding of the neuroses , we need new experiences and we are about to obtain two . Both are very remarkable and were at the time of their discovery , very surprising . You are , of course , prepared for both from our discussions of the past semester . In the first place : When we undertake to cure a patient , to free him from the symptoms of his malady , he confronts us with a vigorous , tenacious resistance that lasts during the whole time of the treatment . That is so peculiar a fact that we cannot expect much credence for it . The best thing is not to mention this fact to the patient's relatives , for they never think of it otherwise than as a subterfuge on our part in order to excuse the length or the failure of our treatment . The patient , moreover , produces all the phenomena of this resistance without even recognizing it as such ; it is always a great advance to have brought him to the point of understanding this conception and reckoning with it . Just consider , this patient suffers from his symptoms and causes those about him to suffer with him . He is willing , moreover , to take upon himself so many sacrifices of time , money , effort and self - denial in order to be freed . And yet he struggles , in the very interests of his malady , against one who would help him . How improbable this assertion must sound ! And yet it is so , and if we are reproached with its improbability , we need only answer that this fact is not without its analogies . Whoever goes to a dentist with an unbearable toothache may very well find himself thrusting away the dentist's arm when the man makes for his sick tooth with a pair of pincers . The resistance which the patient shows is highly varied , exceedingly subtle , often difficult to recognize , Protean - like in its manifold changes of form . It means that the doctor must become suspicious and be constantly on his guard against the patient . In psychoanalytic therapy we make use , as you know , of that technique which is already familiar to you from the interpretation of dreams . We tell the patient that without further reflection he should put himself into a condition of calm self - observation and that he must then communicate whatever results this introspection gives him — feelings , thoughts , reminiscences , in the order in which they appear to his mind . At the same time , we warn him expressly against yielding to any motive which would induce him to choose or exclude any of his thoughts as they arise , in whatever way the motive may be couched and however it may excuse him from telling us the thought : " that is too unpleasant , " or " too indiscreet " for him to tell ; or " it is too unimportant , " or " it does not belong here , " " it is nonsensical . " We impress upon him the fact that he must skim only across the surface of his consciousness and must drop the last vestige of a critical attitude toward that which he finds . We finally inform him that the result of the treatment and above all its length is dependent on the conscientiousness with which he follows this basic rule of the analytic technique . We know , in fact , from the technique of interpreting dreams , that of all the random notions which may occur , those against which such doubts are raised are invariably the ones to yield the material which leads to the uncovering of the unconscious .
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