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From the very outset children unite in believing that the birth of the child takes place through the anus ; that the child therefore appears as a ball of faeces . After anal interests have been proven valueless , he abandons this theory and assumes that the navel opens or that the region between the two breasts is the birthplace of the child . In this way the curious child approaches the knowledge of sexual facts , which , clouded by his ignorance , he often fails to see . In the years prior to puberty he generally receives an incomplete , disparaging explanation which often causes traumatic consequences . You have probably heard that the conception " sexual " is unduly expanded by psychoanalysis in order that it may maintain the hypothesis that all neuroses are due to sexual causes and that the meaning of the symptoms is sexual . You are now in a position to judge whether or not this expansion is unjustifiable . We have expanded the conception sexual only to include the sexual life of children and of perverse persons . That is to say , we have reëstablished its proper boundaries . Outside of psychoanalysis sexuality means only a very limited thing : normal sexual life in the service of reproduction . TWENTY - FIRST LECTURE GENERAL THEORY OF THE NEUROSES Development of the Libido and Sexual Organizations IAM under the impression that I did not succeed in convincing you of the significance of perversions for our conception of sexuality . I should therefore like to clarify and add as much as I can . It was not only perversions that necessitated an alteration of our conception of sexuality , which aroused such vehement contradiction . The study of infantile sexuality did a great deal more along that line , and its close correspondence to the perversions became decisive for us . But the origin of the expressions of infantile sexuality , unmistakable as they are in later years of childhood , seem to be lost in obscurity . Those who disregard the history of evolution and analytic coherence , will dispute the potency of the sexual factor and will infer the agency of generalized forces . Do not forget that as yet we have no generally acknowledged criterion for identifying the sexual nature of an occurrence , unless we assume that we can find it in a relation to the functions of reproduction , and this we must reject as too narrow . The biological criteria , such as the periodicities of twenty - three and twenty - eight days , suggested by W . Fliess , are by no means established ; the specific chemical nature which we can possibly assume for sexual occurrences is still to be discovered . The sexual perversions of adults , on the other hand , are tangible and unambiguous . As their generally accepted nomenclature shows , they are undoubtedly sexual in character ; whether we designate them as signs of degeneration , or otherwise , no one has yet had the courage to place them outside the phenomena of sex . They alone justify the assertion that sexuality and reproduction are not coincident , for it is clear that all of them disavow the goal of reproduction .
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