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The Cap or the Cut
Helen wants her father to answer a question again. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has taken almost every voluntary movement, including speech, and the letter board is slower than his mind. She has one meeting, with a surgeon and an engineer, and she will leave with a choice she can explain to him: a cap, or an implant. She did not come to buy him a better memory.
The engineer starts with the cap, because it asks for no cut. Electroencephalography reads electrical activity through the scalp. The signal is real, and it is blurred: the skull mixes the activity of many neurons, so the computer gets a rough map rather than a single cell. People who can no longer move have used systems like this to pick letters, by holding a mental task the software has learned to recognize.