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Society can conceive of no more serious menace to its civilization than would arise through the satisfying of the sexual instincts by their redirection toward their original goals . Society , therefore , does not relish being reminded of this ticklish spot in its origin ; it has no interest in having the strength of the sexual instincts recognized and the meaning of the sexual life to the individual clearly delineated . On the contrary , society has taken the course of diverting attention from this whole field . This is the reason why society will not tolerate the above - mentioned results of psychoanalytic research , and would prefer to brand it as aesthetically offensive and morally objectionable or dangerous . Since , however , one cannot attack an ostensibly objective result of scientific inquiry with such objections , the criticism must be translated to an intellectual level if it is to be voiced . But it is a predisposition of human nature to consider an unpleasant idea untrue , and then it is easy to find arguments against it . Society thus brands what is unpleasant as untrue , denying the conclusions of psychoanalysis with logical and pertinent arguments . These arguments originate from affective sources , however , and society holds to these prejudices against all attempts at refutation . However , we may claim , ladies and gentlemen , that we have followed no bias of any sort in making any of these contested statements . We merely wished to state facts which we believe to have been discovered by toilsome labor . And we now claim the right unconditionally to reject the interference in scientific research of any such practical considerations , even before we have investigated whether the apprehension which these considerations are meant to instil are justified or not . These , therefore , are but a few of the difficulties which stand in the way of your occupation with psychoanalysis . They are perhaps more than enough for a beginning . If you can overcome their deterrent impression , we shall continue . SECOND LECTURE THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ERRORS WE begin with an investigation , not with hypotheses . To this end we choose certain phenomena which are very frequent , very familiar and very little heeded , and which have nothing to do with the pathological , inasmuch as they can be observed in every normal person . I refer to the errors which an individual commits — as for example , errors of speech in which he wishes to say something and uses the wrong word ; or those which happen to him in writing , and which he may or may not notice ; or the case of misreading , in which one reads in the print or writing something different from what is actually there . A similar phenomenon occurs in those cases of mishearing what is said to one , where there is no question of an organic disturbance of the auditory function . Another series of such occurrences is based on forgetfulness — but on a forgetfulness which is not permanent , but temporary , as for instance when one cannot think of a name which one knows and always recognizes ; or when one forgets to carry out a project at the proper time but which one remembers again later , and therefore has only forgotten for a certain interval .
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