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A . Maeder tells of a lady who , the day before her wedding , forgot to try on her wedding dress and to the despair of the dressmaker only remembered it later in the evening . He adds in connection with this forgetfulness the fact that she divorced her husband soon after . I know a lady now divorced from her husband , who , in managing her fortune , frequently signed documents with her maiden name , and this many years before she really resumed it . I know of other women who lost their wedding rings on their honeymoon and also know that the course of the marriage gave a meaning to this accident . And now one more striking example with a better termination . It is said that the marriage of a famous German chemist did not take place because he forgot the hour of the wedding , and instead of going to the church went to the laboratory . He was wise enough to rest satisfied with this one attempt , and died unmarried at a ripe old age . Perhaps the idea has also come to you that in these cases mistakes have taken the place of the Omina or omens of the ancients . Some of the Omina really were nothing more than mistakes ; for example , when a person stumbled or fell down . Others , to be sure , bore the characteristics of objective occurrences rather than that of subjective acts . But you would not believe how difficult it sometimes is to decide in a specific instance whether the act belongs to the one or the other group . It so frequently knows how to masquerade as a passive experience . Everyone of us who can look back over a longer or shorter life experience will probably say that he might have spared himself many disappointments and painful surprises if he had found the courage and decision to interpret as omens the little mistakes which he made in his intercourse with people , and to consider them as indications of the intentions which were still being kept secret . As a rule , one does not dare do this . One would feel as though he were again becoming superstitious via a detour through science . But not all omens come true , and you will understand from our theories that they need not all come true . FOURTH LECTURE THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ERRORS — ( Conclusion ) WE may certainly put it down as the conclusion of our labors up to this point that errors have a meaning , and we may make this conclusion the basis of our further investigations . Let me stress the fact once more that we do not assert — and for our purposes need not assert — that every single mistake which occurs is meaningful , although I consider that probable . It will suffice us if we prove the presence of such a meaning with relative frequency in the various forms of errors . These various forms , by the way , behave differently in this respect . In the cases of tongue slips , pen slips , etc . , the occurrences may take place on a purely physiological basis . In the group based on forgetfulness ( forgetting names or projects , mislaying objects , etc . ) I cannot believe in such a basis . There does very probably exist a type of case in which the loss of objects should be recognized as unintentional . Of the mistakes which occur in daily life , only a certain portion can in any way be brought within our conception . You must keep this limitation in mind when we start henceforth from the assumption that mistakes are psychic acts and arise through the mutual interference of two intentions .
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