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Three NIST Standards for Post-Quantum Cryptography
Maya wants a list she can defend. The company has asked which systems still depend on public-key methods that a large quantum computer could break, and she has one afternoon to begin. On the desk are three finished NIST standards, published on 13 August 2024: FIPS 203, FIPS 204, and FIPS 205. She does not need another essay about physics. She needs names a supplier will recognize.
FIPS 203 specifies ML-KEM, a key-encapsulation mechanism. Under certain conditions, two parties can use it to establish a shared secret over a public channel. That secret can then be used with symmetric algorithms to protect the traffic. For Maya the document answers one question: how do two sides agree on a key.
FIPS 204 specifies ML-DSA. It can generate and verify digital signatures. A signature can help a recipient detect an unauthorized change and authenticate who claims to have signed.