Hōkūleʻa and Wayfinding: B2 Spanish Reading
Read a factual B2 Spanish article about Hōkūleʻa, Mau Piailug and the 1976 voyage from Hawaii to Tahiti.
Hōkūleʻa: navegar sin instrumentos modernos
Tap any word to see its translation
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About this article
What you'll learn
Polynesian voyaging, wayfinding, maritime vocabulary, historical evidence, passive voice, scientific caution
A factual B2 Spanish article follows Hōkūleʻa on its 1976 voyage from Hawaii to Tahiti. It explains Mau Piailug's navigation through stars, wind, swells, clouds and birds, and distinguishes what the successful crossing demonstrated from what it could not prove about every ancient voyage. The kit has 14 cards: 3 phrases, 6 words and 5 grammar cards.
After reading
Article learning block
Phrases, words, grammar, and quick practice from this text.
Phrases for training
Add useful phrases to SRS or mark them as already known.
A comienzos de mayo de 1976
newat the beginning of May 1976
Places an event in the early part of a month.
Useful for historical narration.
sin instrumentos modernos
newwithout modern instruments
Without using current technological navigation tools.
Central to understanding the voyage.
más que una proeza
newmore than a feat
Indicates that an achievement also had wider consequences.
Useful for evaluating historical importance.
Key words
Vocabulary that carries the school-day topic.
was launched
botada
was launched
Was put into the water for its first use.
Useful maritime vocabulary.
course
rumbo
course
The direction followed by a vessel.
Essential for talking about navigation.
swell
oleaje
swell
A regular movement of long waves in the sea.
Useful for understanding natural wayfinding.
clues
indicios
clues
Signs that help someone reach a conclusion.
Useful for explaining how evidence is combined.
crew
tripulación
crew
The group of people who work on a vessel.
Basic maritime vocabulary.
to pass on
transmitir
to pass on
To give knowledge to other people or generations.
Useful for discussing cultural continuity.
Grammar in context
Patterns from the text worth noticing after reading.
Passive voice with ser
fue botada
was launched
Fue plus a participle presents the canoe as the receiver of the action.
Useful when the result matters more than the actor.
Past perfect
habían sido posibles
had been possible
Habían sido places the possibility before the later construction project.
Useful for ordering past events and questions.
Passive se with a modal
podía comprobarse
could be checked
Podía comprobarse focuses on what could be done without naming an actor.
Useful in explanations of methods.
Aunque with imperfect subjunctive
Aunque las estrellas quedaran ocultas
although the stars were hidden
The subjunctive presents a possible obstacle that does not stop the main action.
Useful for expressing concession.
Negation followed by subjunctive
no demuestra que cada travesía antigua siguiera
does not show that every ancient voyage followed
After no demuestra que, siguiera marks a conclusion the evidence does not establish.
Useful for limiting a historical claim.
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