A1 · Spanish foundations
The present indicative, ser and estar, gender agreement, articles, pronouns and the first graded readings.
Grammar tree
Spanish grammar A1-C2
From ser and estar to the subjunctive and C2 style. Each topic has three steps: theory with examples, exercises with instant feedback and an exam, and graded articles show the rule in real texts.
Learning journey
Full A1-C2 journey
In the tree
84 topics 14 modules
Sign in to see your progress: articles read, accuracy in exercises and certified topics.
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A1 · CEFR
Beginner
0 / 253 · learned
A1 Building basic sentences
0 / 98 · learned
A1 Possession, reference, and place
Unlocks after the previous module
A1 Everyday life and integrated reading
Unlocks after the previous module
Theory by topic
Short rules with tables, examples and common mistakes. Free to read.
Beginner 20 topics
- Spanish gender and number: el libro rojo, las casas blancas
- Spanish articles: el, la, los, las and un, una, unos, unas
- Spanish subject pronouns and the omitted subject: yo, tú, usted
- Ser and estar in Spanish: identity, state and location
- Spanish regular present tense: hablar, comer, vivir
- Spanish irregular present: quiero, vuelvo, pido, hago
- Saying yes and no in Spanish: sí, no, también, tampoco
- Spanish questions: qué, quién, dónde, cómo, cuándo, cuánto, por qué
- Ir and tener in Spanish: voy, tengo, tengo veinte años
- Spanish possessives: mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro
- Spanish demonstratives: este, ese, aquel
- Place and direction in Spanish: en, a, de, aquí, ahí, allí
- Hay or estar in Spanish: hay un banco, el banco está
- Spanish connectors: y, o, pero, porque
- Habits and frequency in Spanish: siempre, a veces, nunca
- Spanish reflexive verbs for routines: me levanto, te duchas
- Spanish gustar: me gusta, me gustan, me gusta + infinitive
- Spanish poder + infinitive: puedo, puedes, podemos
- Ser or estar? Choosing by context: ¿cómo es? and ¿cómo está?
- Spanish A1 grammar review: ser, estar, hay, gustar and more
Elementary 21 topics
- Spanish preterite (pretérito indefinido): regular verbs, hablé, comí, viví
- Spanish preterite irregular verbs: fui, tuve, estuve, hice
- Spanish past time markers: ayer, la semana pasada, hace dos años
- Spanish present perfect: he comido, has visto, ya, todavía no
- Spanish imperfect (pretérito imperfecto): hablaba, comía, era, iba
- Spanish past tenses: indefinido vs imperfecto vs perfecto
- Spanish time prepositions: antes de, después de, desde, hasta, durante
- Spanish si, por eso, entonces, así que: conditions and consequences
- Narrating in the past in Spanish: indefinido, imperfecto, perfecto
- Spanish ir a + infinitive: plans and intentions (voy a comer)
- Spanish present progressive (estar + gerundio): estoy hablando, estás comiendo
- Tener que and hay que in Spanish: tengo que, hay que, no tienes que
- Por and para in Spanish: por vs para, goal, cause, means and destination
- Spanish imperative: habla, hable, hablen, haz, ven, di
- Direct object pronouns in Spanish: lo, la, los, las
- Indirect object pronouns in Spanish: le, les, se lo
- Spanish encantar, interesar and preferir: me encanta, me interesa, prefiero
- Spanish comparatives: más, menos, tan, tanto
- Spanish superlatives: el más, el menos, el mejor, -ísimo
- Spanish quantifiers: todo, otro, demasiado, nada, nadie
- Spanish A2 grammar review: past tenses, plans, pronouns and comparison
Intermediate 16 topics
- Spanish futuro simple: hablaré, tendré, estará en casa
- How long in Spanish: desde, desde hace, hace que and llevar
- The conditional in Spanish: hablaría, podría, me gustaría
- Spanish pluperfect: había + participle (pluscuamperfecto)
- Spanish verb periphrases: soler, ponerse a, seguir, volver a, dejar de
- Spanish B1 review: future, conditional, pluperfect and duration
- The Spanish present subjunctive: quiero que vengas, ojalá
- Subjunctive for doubt in Spanish: no creo que, puede que, para que
- Spanish negative imperative: no toques, no toque, no toquen
- Si, cuando, antes de que: real conditions and the future in Spanish
- Spanish impersonal se and passive se: se vive, se venden
- Spanish relative clauses: que, donde, a quien, el que
- Spanish relative clauses with the subjunctive: busco a alguien que sepa
- Indirect questions in Spanish: si, qué, dónde, cuándo
- Reported speech in Spanish: dijo que estaba, había ido, iría
- Spanish B1 grammar review: subjunctive, conditional, relatives and reported speech
Upper intermediate 13 topics
- The Spanish imperfect subjunctive: quería que vinieras, ojalá tuviera
- The Spanish perfect and pluperfect subjunctive: haya hecho, hubiera hecho
- The Spanish future perfect and conditional perfect: habrá hecho, habría hecho
- Spanish unreal conditionals: si tuviera, si hubiera tenido
- The Spanish passive: fue construido, está construido, se construye
- Reported questions and orders in Spanish: me preguntó si, me dijo que vinieras
- Spanish B2 review: tense, mood and perspective (si hubiera, habría hecho, fue / está hecho)
- Ser and estar with a change of meaning, and change verbs: ponerse, hacerse, quedarse
- Spanish non-restrictive relative clauses: que, quien, el cual, lo cual
- Focus in Spanish: Es Ana quien, Lo que necesito es, El libro lo compré
- Aunque with the indicative or the subjunctive: aunque llueve, aunque llueva
- Spanish connectors for an argument: además, sin embargo, por lo tanto
- Spanish B2 review: cohesion, focus and contrast
Advanced 6 topics
- Indicative or subjunctive: no creo que sea, siento que, no porque quiera
- Infinitive or que clause in Spanish: quiero ir, quiero que vayas, me alegro de que
- Spanish modality: tener que, no hace falta, deber de, seguramente, al parecer
- Ellipsis and substitution in Spanish: el rojo, lo importante, lo es, yo también
- Advanced Spanish relatives: cuyo, el cual and cuanto
- Hedging and stance in academic Spanish: cabe señalar, parece que, sería conveniente que
Short answer
How does the grammar tree work?
It lays out 84 topics of Spanish grammar in 14 modules, by CEFR level from A1 to C2 and in the order you learn them. Each topic has three steps: free theory, exercises with instant feedback and an exam. Passing the exam certifies the topic and opens the next ones, and graded articles show the rule in real texts.
How to use the grammar tree
- 1
Pick your level
Start at A1 or at your own level. The levels below are skipped but stay open for review.
- 2
Read the theory
The rule, a table of forms, examples with translations and the mistakes learners really make. Free and open without an account.
- 3
Practise
Sets of 10 questions with instant feedback. The ones you get wrong come back first, and daily review brings them back before you forget them.
- 4
Pass the exam
12 questions in 20 minutes, up to 2 mistakes. A passed exam certifies the topic and opens the topics after it.
A1-C2 overview
A2 · Past, future and connectors
Pretérito indefinido and imperfecto, ir a, por and para, object pronouns, comparatives and short stories.
B1 · Compound tenses and the subjunctive
Compound tenses, conditionals, the passive, reported speech, relative clauses and the first uses of the subjunctive.
B2 · Advanced structures
Advanced conditionals, the full passive, the imperfect subjunctive and discourse connectors.
C1 · Precision and style
The subjunctive in formal writing, ellipsis, cleft sentences, hedging, nominalization and cohesion in longer texts.
C2 · Mastery
Register, regional varieties, rhetorical structures and capstone reading for confident control of grammar.
Frequently asked questions
Can I learn Spanish grammar from zero here?
Yes. The tree starts with the first A1 topics and goes up to C2. If you already know the basics, pick your level: the levels below are skipped and their topics stay open.
What is free and what comes with Reader?
The theory of every topic is free and open without an account. Exercises, exams, daily review and reading progress come with the Reader plan from €1 a month.
How do the exercises and the exam work?
Exercises come in sets of 10 questions with instant feedback, and your mistakes come back first. The exam has 12 questions, 20 minutes and up to 2 mistakes; it is marked at the end, and passing it certifies the topic.
Why read articles if there are exercises?
Exercises train the form; reading shows how the rule works in a real text. Each topic has selected articles, and the tree counts how many of them you have read.
How many topics are in the tree?
84 topics of Spanish grammar in 14 modules, from A1 to C2. Theory and exercises are added topic by topic.
Related
How many words you need for A1-C2
Grammar gives structure; vocabulary gives range. The language learning map collects research figures on how many words each CEFR level takes.
Open the language learning map