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A1 · Theory

Ir and tener in Spanish: voy, tengo, tengo veinte años

**Ir** means "to go" and **tener** means "to have", and both are irregular. Spanish also uses **tener** for age and for feelings like hunger: **Voy** al cine. **Tengo** veinte años. **Tengo** hambre.

A1 Possession, reference, and place ·

The main rule

Use ir a + place for where you go: Voy a la playa. Use tener for what you have, for your age and for hunger, thirst, cold, heat and sleepiness: Tengo veinte años. Tengo hambre. Where English says "I am", Spanish says "I have".

The forms of ir and tener

Present tense of ir and tener
Personir (to go)tener (to have)
yovoytengo
túvastienes
él / ella / ustedvatiene
nosotros / nosotrasvamostenemos
vosotros / vosotras (Spain)vaistenéis
ellos / ellas / ustedesvantienen

Both verbs are irregular in the yo form (voy, tengo), and tener also changes its stem in the forms where the stress falls on it: tienes, tiene, tienen, but tenemos, tenéis. In Spain you use vosotros with friends; in Latin America ustedes replaces it, with van and tienen.

Going somewhere: ir a

After ir, the destination is introduced by a. A joins the masculine article: a + el becomes al, and it is never written "a el". With the other articles it stays separate: a la, a los, a las. Most cities and countries take no article: a Sevilla, a Lviv.

Ir a + place
ArticlePatternExample
elalVoy al cine.
laa laVamos a la playa.
losa losVan a los museos.
lasa lasVas a las tiendas.
city or countrya + nameVoy a Sevilla.

For a plan, English says "I'm going to the beach"; Spanish normally uses the simple present: Voy a la playa means both "I go to the beach" and "I'm going to the beach". English also has "I am hungry", "I am 20", "I am cold", so the habit is to reach for ser or estar. Spanish does not: literally, it says "I have hunger", "I have 20 years", "I have cold".

Examples

  • Esta tarde voy al cine. I'm going to the cinema this afternoon.
  • ¿Adónde vas? Where are you going?
  • Vamos a la piscina los sábados. We go to the swimming pool on Saturdays.
  • Mateo va a Sevilla. Mateo is going to Seville.
  • Tengo dos hermanos. I have two siblings.
  • Lucía tiene un perro. Lucía has a dog.
  • ¿Cuántos años tienes? How old are you?
  • Mi abuela tiene ochenta años. My grandmother is eighty.
  • Tengo mucha sed. I'm very thirsty.
  • Los niños tienen sueño. The children are sleepy.

Possession and age

Tener says what someone has: Tengo una bicicleta. ¿Tienes hermanos? It also gives age. To ask, use ¿Cuántos años tienes?, and to answer, Tengo veinte años. The word años stays: Tengo veinte años, not *Tengo veinte viejo.

Hunger, thirst, cold, heat and sleep

These are noun expressions with tener: tener hambre, tener sed, tener frío, tener calor, tener sueño. To say "very", use mucho or mucha to match the noun, not muy: mucha hambre, mucha sed, mucho frío, mucho calor, mucho sueño. So Tengo muy hambre is wrong; say Tengo mucha hambre.

Where you are and where you go

Estar en says where someone is now. Ir a says where someone goes. Compare: Ahora estoy en el parque, pero el sábado voy al museo. If a sentence has a movement in the English meaning ("goes to", "we go to"), use ir a. If it says "is at" or "is in", use estar en.

Ask with adónde

To ask about a destination, say ¿Adónde vas? and answer with a: Voy al mercado. The question asks "to where", so the place in the answer takes a, not en.

Typical mistakes

  • Soy veinte años. Tengo veinte años. Age is something you have in Spanish.
  • Estoy hambre. Tengo hambre. Hunger is a noun here, so it goes with tener.
  • Tengo muy hambre. Tengo mucha hambre. Use mucho or mucha before the noun, not muy.
  • Voy a el cine. Voy al cine. a + el always joins into al.
  • Voy al playa. Voy a la playa. Playa is feminine, so it takes la.
  • Voy la playa. Voy a la playa. After ir you need a before the place.
  • Mi hermano tienen veinte años. Mi hermano tiene veinte años. One person takes tiene; tienen is for several.
  • Nosotros va a la piscina. Nosotros vamos a la piscina. Match the verb to the subject: nosotros takes vamos.

Common questions

How do you say "I am 20 years old" in Spanish?

Say Tengo veinte años. Spanish uses tener for age, so Soy veinte años and Estoy veinte años are wrong.

Why is it al cine and not a el cine?

The preposition a and the article el always merge into al. The other articles stay separate: a la playa, a los museos, a las tiendas.

How do you say "I'm hungry" or "I'm cold" in Spanish?

Say Tengo hambre and Tengo frío. Add mucho or mucha for "very": Tengo mucha hambre, Tengo mucho frío.

When do I use vais and tenéis?

They are the forms for vosotros, used with friends in Spain. In Latin America people say ustedes van and ustedes tienen instead.

What is the difference between estar en and ir a?

Estar en tells where someone is now (Estoy en el gimnasio). Ir a tells where someone goes (Voy al gimnasio).

How do I say what I am going to do, or what I have to do?

That needs ir a or tener que with a verb, which come in later topics. Here we only use ir with a place and tener with a noun.

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