What 139 studies found about music and exercise
A B2 Spanish reading explains a 2020 meta-analysis of music, exercise, performance and perceived exertion.
Qué mostró un metaanálisis de 139 estudios sobre música y ejercicio
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About this article
What you'll learn
Research vocabulary, effect-size language, comparisons, limits on conclusions and the subjunctive after no significa que.
The text reports how a 2020 meta-analysis combined 139 studies and found average benefits for affect, performance, perceived exertion and oxygen consumption, but not heart rate.
After reading
Article learning block
Phrases, words, grammar, and quick practice from this text.
Phrases for training
Add useful phrases to SRS or mark them as already known.
puso a prueba una idea popular
newput a popular idea to the test
Puso a prueba means that the researchers checked an idea with evidence.
Use it when a study tests a belief or proposal.
En conjunto
newoverall
En conjunto introduces a conclusion based on all the results together.
Use it to summarise several pieces of evidence.
esfuerzo percibido
newperceived exertion
Esfuerzo percibido is how hard an activity feels to the person doing it.
It is common in discussions of exercise and fatigue.
no garantiza el mismo resultado
newdoes not guarantee the same result
No garantiza marks a clear limit to what the evidence can promise.
Use it to avoid turning a general tendency into a certainty.
Key words
Vocabulary that carries the school-day topic.
Meta-analysis
metaanálisis
meta-analysis
A metaanálisis combines results from previous studies using statistical methods.
It names an important method for summarising research.
Brought together
reunió
brought together
Reunió is the preterite of reunir and here means collected into one analysis.
Use it to describe assembling data, people or objects.
Finding
hallazgo
finding
Hallazgo is a result discovered through research or investigation.
It is useful for reporting what a study found.
Performance
rendimiento
performance
Rendimiento is how well someone performs an activity.
It is frequent in sport, work and study contexts.
Heart rate
frecuencia cardíaca
heart rate
Frecuencia cardíaca is the number of heartbeats in a period of time.
It is common in health and exercise information.
Moderators
moderadores
moderators
In research, moderadores are factors that change the size or direction of an effect.
It helps you understand why results differ across conditions.
Grammar in context
Patterns from the text worth noticing after reading.
Preterite for a completed action
El equipo reunió resultados de 139 estudios.
The team brought together results from 139 studies.
Reunió places a completed research action in the past.
Use the preterite to report completed steps in a study.
Se asoció con
la música se asoció con efectos beneficiosos significativos
music was associated with significant beneficial effects
Se asoció con reports a relationship without stating that one thing directly caused the other.
It is precise language for describing research results.
No plus the preterite
No apareció un beneficio significativo para la frecuencia cardíaca.
No significant benefit appeared for heart rate.
No before apareció negates a completed finding in the past.
Use it to report that a study did not find a particular result.
Comparative with mayor que
Los efectos sobre el rendimiento fueron mayores en el ejercicio que en el deporte.
The performance effects were greater in exercise than in sport.
Mayores en X que en Y compares the size of effects in two settings.
Use it to compare results between groups or conditions.
No significa que plus subjunctive
Eso no significa que una canción rápida funcione mejor para cada persona.
That does not mean that a fast song works better for every person.
After no significa que, funcione uses the subjunctive because the conclusion is rejected.
Use it to limit an inference and avoid overgeneralising.
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