Cuando decir algo es hacer algo: los actos de habla

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About this article

Level C1 Reading focus

What you'll learn

philosophy of language, speech acts, performatives, felicity conditions, illocution, perlocution, advanced argumentation

A factual C1 Spanish article explains J. L. Austin's theory of speech acts. It examines promises and institutional declarations, the conditions under which words perform actions, and the distinction between locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary dimensions. Its examples are general illustrations, not reconstructed historical scenes. The kit has 14 cards: 3 phrases, 6 words and 5 grammar cards.

After reading

Article learning block

Phrases, words, grammar, and quick practice from this text.

14 items

Phrases for training

Add useful phrases to SRS or mark them as already known.

las condiciones adecuadas

new

the appropriate conditions

The circumstances required for an act to work correctly.

Central to speech act theory.

no equivale a

new

is not equivalent to

Marks a distinction between two related actions.

Useful for precise argumentation.

por el mero hecho de

new

merely by

Emphasises that one circumstance alone is insufficient.

Useful for limiting a claim.

Key words

Vocabulary that carries the school-day topic.

utterances

enunciados

utterances

Spoken or written expressions considered as communicative acts.

Basic vocabulary for analysing speech acts.

deeply rooted

arraigada

deeply rooted

Firmly established and difficult to change.

Useful for describing persistent ideas.

authority

autoridad

authority

Recognised power to perform an institutional act.

Needed to understand why some declarations work.

procedure

procedimiento

procedure

An established series of steps for carrying out an action.

Useful in institutional contexts.

addressee

destinatario

addressee

The person to whom a message is directed.

Useful for analysing communication.

scope

alcance

scope

The limits of what an explanation or theory covers.

Useful for qualifying conclusions.

Grammar in context

Patterns from the text worth noticing after reading.

No basta con plus infinitive

no basta con pronunciar

it is not enough to pronounce

This construction rejects one condition as insufficient.

Useful for evaluating arguments.

Para que plus subjunctive

Para que ciertas palabras realicen

so that certain words perform

Para que introduces a purpose or required result and takes the subjunctive.

Useful for stating conditions and aims.

Hypothetical si clause

Si una persona cualquiera pronunciara

if any person pronounced

The imperfect subjunctive sets a hypothetical condition, followed by the conditional result.

Useful for counterfactual reasoning.

Puede que plus subjunctive

Puede que el acto no se realice

the act may not take place

Puede que presents a possibility and requires the subjunctive.

Useful for expressing uncertainty.

Aunque plus subjunctive

aunque el destinatario se niegue

even if the addressee refuses

The subjunctive presents a possible objection that does not cancel the main statement.