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It was a speech about the fall of the old city of Troy . In it the king of Troy dies at the hands of his enemies . His wife , Queen Hecuba , sees his death , and she cries out in terrible grief . The actor spoke so well that he went pale , and there were real tears in his eyes . Then Hamlet spoke quietly to the First Player . “ Can you play The Murder of Gonzago tomorrow night ? I will write a speech of twelve or sixteen lines . Can you learn it and put it into the play ? ” “ Yes , my lord . ” When Hamlet was alone , he walked up and down the room . “ What a weak man I am ! ” he said . “ This actor cried real tears for Hecuba . But what is Hecuba to him ? She is only a woman in an old story . What would he do if he had my reason for tears ? My dear father was murdered , and I do nothing . Am I a coward ? ” Then he stopped and thought for a long time . “ I have heard stories about guilty people at the theatre , ” he said . “ They see a play about a crime like their own , and suddenly they confess everything . So I will ask these actors to play a murder like my father’s . I will watch my uncle’s face . If he goes pale , I will know what to do . The spirit that I saw may be the devil . The devil can take a pleasant shape to lead a sad man to hell . I need something surer than a ghost’s words . ” He smiled for the first time in many weeks . “ The play’s the thing , ” he said . He meant that the play would be a trap , and he would catch the truth about the king in it . VII . To Be , or Not to Be The next day Rosencrantz and Guildenstern spoke to the king and queen . “ He agrees that he feels troubled , my lord , ” said Rosencrantz . “ But he won’t say why . He always escapes with some clever , mad answer . But he was very glad to hear about the actors . They are going to perform for him tonight , and he asks you both to come . ” When they had gone , the king sent the queen away too . Then Polonius gave his daughter a prayer book . “ Walk here and read this , ” he said . He and the king hid behind a curtain . Hamlet came into the hall slowly . He was deep in his thoughts , and he did not see Ophelia . “ To be , or not to be , that is the question , ” he said to himself . He meant : is it better to live or to die ? “ Should we suffer all the troubles of life ? Or should we fight against a whole sea of troubles and end them ? To die is to sleep , nothing more . With that sleep we end the heartache and the thousand pains of life . But in that sleep of death , what dreams may come ? That is the problem . No traveller has ever come back from that unknown country to tell us . So we stay with the troubles that we know . And so thinking makes cowards of us all , and our great plans never become action . ”
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