Ubuntu переходить на Rust — англійська (B2)
Дізнайтеся про перехід Ubuntu на мову Rust. Рівень B2: memory safety, sudo-rs, coreutils, chiseled containers. Читайте з перекладом.
Ubuntu Transitions to Rust: A Major Revolution at the Heart of the World's Most Popular Linux Distro
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Ця стаття описує стратегічний перехід дистрибутива Ubuntu на мову програмування Rust для системних утиліт. Рівень B2 — для читачів з технічним інтересом. Ви вивчите 30 нових слів з теми Linux та системного програмування, включаючи терміни sudo-rs, coreutils, memory safety, CVE, UPKI, chiseled containers, Snap packages, а також зрозумієте переваги Rust для безпеки та продуктивності.
A New Era of System Utilities: From sudo to coreutils
Jon Seager, the project lead for Ubuntu at Canonical, revealed that the company has already started the process of replacing critical system components.
Sudo-rs: One of the first major steps is the integration of sudo-rs, a memory-safe implementation of the sudo utility. While it is already live in interim releases like Ubuntu 25.10, Ubuntu 26.04 LTS will be the first Long Term Support release to use sudo-rs by default.
Coreutils (uutils): Canonical is partnering closely with the uutils project to replace standard GNU core utilities such as ls, cp, and mv.
To ensure reliability, Canonical commissioned independent security reviews of the codebase, which even helped identify and fix bugs in the original GNU versions.
NTPD-rs: The next stage involves replacing chrony with ntpd-rs. The goal is to provide a seamless upgrade for users, offering Rust-backed network time syncing by the release of Ubuntu 26.10.
Why Rust? Safety, Talent, and Sustainability
The decision to adopt Rust is driven by several key factors beyond just technical performance:
Resilience and Memory Safety: Rust-built software is known for its resilience because the language forces developers to consider memory safety and performance.
This is vital for Ubuntu’s use in high-stakes environments like power stations, cars, and construction sites.
Fewer memory safety bugs also mean fewer CVEs for Canonical to maintain over a 15-year lifecycle.
Attracting Talent: It is easier to hire excited new engineers straight out of university who are already passionate about Rust than it is to find talent willing to maintain 15-year-old C-patches for legacy utilities.
Efficiency and the Planet: Some Rust utilities, like wc, have seen performance increases of up to 10 times compared to their GNU counterparts.
Seager noted that even a 1% reduction in energy usage at Ubuntu's massive scale would have an enormous positive impact on the planet.
UPKI: Bringing Browser-Level Security to the OS
A significant new initiative is UPKI (Universal PKI).
Currently, standard Linux system utilities lack the infrastructure to check Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL), a feature usually only found in web browsers.
In partnership with the Rustls project, Canonical is developing UPKI to bring the same level of resilience and security found in Chrome or Firefox directly into the core of Linux.
Developer Tooling: Chiseled Containers and dev.yaml
Canonical is also investing in tools to make the developer experience on Ubuntu more modern and efficient:
Chiseled Containers: This technology allows for the creation of ultra-small, "distroless" style containers.
By using a tool called Chisel, developers can slice out only the specific files they need from Debian packages, reducing the security surface area.
Modern Packaging: To replace
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30 слів про Linux та Rust, sudo-rs, coreutils, memory safety, CVE, UPKI, chiseled containers, Snap packages
Ця стаття описує стратегічний перехід дистрибутива Ubuntu на мову програмування Rust для системних утиліт. Рівень B2 — для читачів з технічним інтересом. Ви вивчите 30 нових слів з теми Linux та системного програмування, включаючи терміни sudo-rs, coreutils, memory safety, CVE, UPKI, chiseled containers, Snap packages, а також зрозумієте переваги Rust для безпеки та продуктивності.
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