Is there a magic age for language learning? - Spanish C2
Read a C2 Spanish analysis of sensitive periods, phonetic learning, grammar, adult learning and disputed bilingual advantages.
No hay una edad mágica para aprender otra lengua
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About this article
What you'll learn
Scientific caution, research-method vocabulary, qualified claims, meta-analysis terms and advanced argumentative structures.
The article compares infant phonetic learning with a large 2018 grammar study and explains why one estimated age cannot serve as a universal biological deadline.
After reading
Article learning block
Phrases, words, grammar, and quick practice from this text.
Phrases for training
Add useful phrases to SRS or mark them as already known.
no respalda una frontera única
newdoes not support a single boundary
It says the evidence does not justify one fixed limit.
Useful for separating evidence from assumption.
no autoriza a concluir
newdoes not justify concluding
The evidence is insufficient for the stronger inference.
Useful for avoiding overreach.
procede de un modelo
newcomes from a model
It identifies the method that produced an estimate.
Useful for interpreting statistics.
exigen cautela
newrequire caution
The claim needs careful limits and evidence.
Useful in critical argumentation.
Key words
Vocabulary that carries the school-day topic.
la receptividad
mayor receptividad
receptiveness
The capacity to benefit from input.
Central vocabulary for sensitive periods.
un contraste fonético
un contraste fonético
a phonetic contrast
A perceptible difference between speech sounds.
Useful in language-acquisition research.
La gramática presenta otra trayectoria
La gramática presenta otra trayectoria
trajectory
The pattern of change over time.
Useful for discussing development.
la heterogeneidad
esa heterogeneidad
heterogeneity
Meaningful differences within a phenomenon.
Useful for rejecting oversimplification.
el input
el input
language input
The language material a learner hears, reads or sees.
Common vocabulary in language education.
el sesgo de publicación
el sesgo de publicación
publication bias
A distortion when studies with some results are more likely to be published.
Important for evaluating research.
Un metaanálisis
Un metaanálisis
a meta-analysis
A statistical synthesis of multiple studies.
Useful for understanding evidence reviews.
Grammar in context
Patterns from the text worth noticing after reading.
cuyo inicio y final dependen
cuyo inicio y final dependen
whose beginning and end depend
Cuyo links a possessed noun to an earlier noun.
Useful for dense academic definitions.
Quienes participaron
Quienes participaron
Those who participated
Quienes is a plural relative pronoun for people.
Useful when a group is defined by an action.
Tampoco significa que
Tampoco significa que
Nor does it mean that
The subjunctive marks a rejected interpretation.
Useful for correcting false inferences.
sin declarar inútil
sin declarar inútil
without declaring useless
Sin plus an infinitive states what does not accompany the main action.
Useful for nuanced contrasts.
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