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SIXTH LECTURE THE DREAM Hypothesis and Technique of Interpretation WE must find a new path , a new method , in order to proceed with the investigation of the dream . I shall now make an obvious suggestion . Let us assume as a hypothesis for everything which follows , that the dream is not a somatic but a psychic phenomenon . You appreciate the significance of that statement , but what justification have we for making it ? None ; but that alone need not deter us from making it . The matter stands thus : If the dream is a somatic phenomenon , it does not concern us . It can be of interest to us only on the supposition that it is a psychic phenomenon . Let us therefore work upon that assumption in order to see what comes of it . The result of our labor will determine whether we are to hold to this assumption and whether we may , in fact , consider it in turn a result . What is it that we really wish to achieve , to what end are we working ? It is what one usually seeks to attain in the sciences , an understanding of phenomena , the creation of relationships between them , and ultimately , if possible , the extension of our control over them . Let us then proceed with the work on the assumption that the dream is a psychic phenomenon . This makes it an achievement and expression of the dreamer , but one that tells us nothing , one that we do not understand . What do you do when I make a statement you do not understand ? You ask for an explanation , do you not ? Why may we not do the same thing here , ask the dreamer to give us the meaning of his dream ? If you will remember , we were in this same situation once before . It was when we were investigating errors , a case of a slip of the tongue . Someone said : " Da sind dinge zum vorschwein gekommen , " whereupon we asked — no , luckily , not we , but others , persons in no way associated with psychoanalysis — these persons asked him what he meant by this unintelligible talk . He immediately answered that he had intended to say " Das waren schweinereien , " but that he had suppressed this intention , in favor of the other , more gentle " Da sind dinge zum vorschein gekommen . " [ 23 ] I explained to you at the time that this inquiry was typical of every psychoanalytical investigation , and now you understand that psychoanalysis follows the technique , as far as possible , of having the subjects themselves discover the solutions of their riddles . The dreamer himself , then , is to tell us the meaning of his dream . It is common knowledge , however , that this is not such an easy matter with dreams . In the case of slips , our method worked in a number of cases , but we encountered some where the subject did not wish to say anything — in fact , indignantly rejected the answer that we suggested . Instances of the first method are entirely lacking in the case of dreams ; the dreamer always says he knows nothing . He cannot deny our interpretation , for we have none . Shall we then give up the attempt ? Since he knows nothing and we know nothing and a third person surely knows nothing , it looks as though there were no possibility of discovering anything . If you wish , discontinue the investigation . But if you are of another mind , you can accompany me on the way . For I assure you , it is very possible , in fact , probable , that the dreamer does know what his dream means , but does not know that he knows , and therefore believes he does not know .
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