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SEVENTH LECTURE THE DREAM Manifest Dream Content and Latent Dream Thought WE have not studied the problem of errors in vain . Thanks to our efforts in this field , under the conditions known to you , we have evolved two different things , a conception of the elements of the dream and a technique for dream interpretation . The conception of the dream element goes to show something unreal , a substitute for something else , unknown to the dreamer , similar to the tendency of errors , a substitute for something the dreamer knows but cannot approach . We hope to transfer the same conception to the whole dream , which consists of just such elements . Our method consists of calling up , by means of free associations , other substitute formations in addition to these elements , from which we divine what is hidden . Let me ask you to permit a slight change in our nomenclature which will greatly increase the flexibility of our vocabulary . Instead of hidden , unapproachable , unreal , let us give a truer description and say inaccessible or unknown to the consciousness of the dreamer . By this we mean only what the connection with the lost word or with the interfering intention of the error can suggest to you , namely , unconscious for the time being . Naturally in contrast to this we may term conscious the elements of the dream itself and the substitute formations just gained by association . As yet there is absolutely no theoretical construction implied in this nomenclature . The use of the word unconscious as a suitable and intelligible descriptive epithet is above criticism . If we transfer our conception from a single element to the entire dream , we find that the dream as a whole is a distorted substitute for something else , something unconscious . To discover this unconscious thing is the task of dream interpretation . From this , three important rules , which we must observe in the work of dream interpretation , are straightway derived : 1 . What the dream seems to say , whether it be sensible or absurd , clear or confused is not our concern , since it can under no condition be that unconscious content we are seeking . Later we shall have to observe an obvious limitation of this rule . 2 . The awakening of substitute formations for each element shall be the sole object of our work . We shall not reflect on these , test their suitability or trouble how far they lead away from the element of the dream . 3 . We shall wait until the hidden unconscious we are seeking appears of itself , as the missing word Monaco in the experiment which we have described . Now we can understand , too , how unimportant it is how much , how little , above all , how accurately or how indifferently the dream is remembered . For the dream which is remembered is not the real one , but a distorted substitute , which is to help us approach the real dream by awakening other substitute formations and by making the unconscious in the dream conscious . Therefore if our recollection of the dream was faulty , it has simply brought about a further distortion of this substitute , a distortion which cannot , however , be unmotivated .
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